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ADHD Treatment Medication Stimulants, the most frequently prescribed medication for ADHD seem to balance brain chemicals and boost their levels. However, they don't cure the condition and will only help manage symptoms as long as they are used regularly. The side effects of ADHD medications may include changes in blood pressure and heart rate, anxiety and tics. Children and teens who take stimulant medications notice a slight reduction in their growth rate. Methylphenidate Methylphenidate, a central nervous stimulant, is the most common drug used to treat ADHD. It is available in many forms such as a chewable tablet, a liquid and a long-acting disintegrating orally disintegrating tablet, and an extended-release pill. The drug works by increasing the levels of dopamine and norepinephrine in the brain, which helps to enhance concentration. It may also reduce the symptoms of anxiety and depression. When combined with other treatments like behavioral therapy, methylphenidate may be an effective treatment for ADHD. Methylphenidate blocks transporters that eliminate these neurotransmitters naturally from the brain. The medication can cause a slight increase in heart rate and blood pressure. It can also cause a rapid change in blood sugar levels, which is why diabetics should be careful when taking this medication. Talk to your doctor in the event that you have any of these symptoms. Methylphenidate may also cause Raynaud’s phenomenon that causes numbness in the fingers and feet. This is a rare side effect, but it is important to tell your doctor if you are experiencing these symptoms. There is a concerns that methylphenidate may slow children's growth, but this has not been proven to be the case. If you have a child receiving treatment with methylphenidate ensure that you monitor his or her weight and height carefully. If your child takes a tablet containing methylphenidate and phenylalanine is present, it could be harmful to children suffering from Phenylketonuria. Ask your doctor about a different methylphenidate formula when you suffer from PKU. Certain people have issues with stimulants which are the most popular treatment for ADHD. In these cases, doctors may prescribe other medications that work similarly. There are other stimulants, such as dexamfetamine and lisdexamfetamine, in addition to methylphenidate. best adhd medication for adults uk can last for longer and are stronger than methylphenidate. The typical dosage is at least three times a day However, some people may be able to take them more frequently. Psychological treatments are also available for treating ADHD, but they are less likely to prove effective than stimulants. Atomoxetine Atomoxetine is also known as Strattera and is a non-stimulant ADHD drug that increases concentration while decreasing hyperactivity and impulsiveness. It is in a class of medications known as selective norepinephrine receptor inhibitors. It increases levels of dopamine and norepinephrine, two chemical messengers that control the brain's activity. It is a popular option for adults and children who want a different type of medication than stimulants like Adderall and Vyvanse. It is important to realize that atomoxetine isn't a drug that works instantly. It may take up to 6 weeks before the effects of this medication are evident. You may also experience adverse effects like nausea and drowsiness. For most patients the benefits of taking atomoxetine outweigh any risk. In a double-blind, placebo controlled study of 297 ADHD patients aged 12 to 18 years old, the effectiveness of atomoxetine is confirmed. Participants were randomly assigned to receive atomoxetine in a daily dose of 0.6 mg/kg or 1.2 mg/kg or a placebo for 9 weeks. Both the atomoxetine and the placebo group experienced a reduction in depression symptoms. The treatment group with atomoxetine showed better improvement in ADHD symptoms than the placebo group. However the improvement was only modest (Michelson et al 2001). In a second open study that included 10 ADHD patients who did not respond to stimulants received atomoxetine treatment for 8 weeks. The group treated with atomoxetine showed improvement in ADHD symptoms compared to placebo group and scores on the Conners Adult ADHD Rating Scale Investigator Rated Screening version as well as the Clinical Global Impressions of Severity scale increasing significantly. One patient however, experienced a rash and withdrew from the study. In addition, three patients experienced gastrointestinal issues that were transient and one reported increased fatigue (Kratochvil et al 2005). Before beginning treatment with atomoxetine with your physician about your medical background and any other supplements or medications that you are taking. This includes herbal remedies as well as over the counter medications. It is crucial to inform your doctor if you have narrow-angle glaucoma or a thyroid tumor or adrenal gland tumor and high blood pressure heart disease or an unusually sudden death. Avoid atomoxetine as well if you've taken an MAO-inhibitor, such isocarboxazid or linezolid in the last 14 days, or rasagiline, Methylene Blue Injection, phenelzine, or tranylcypromine. Bupropion Bupropion is a non-stimulant medication that can improve the symptoms of ADHD. It can also decrease the amount of impulsivity and improve concentration. However it doesn't affect the brain the similar way that stimulants do. It's available by prescription only. Your doctor will decide on the most effective dosage for you. Bupropion is available in tablets and extended-release capsules. It is essential to take the medication exactly as prescribed. You might experience withdrawal symptoms in the event that you stop abruptly. The most common dosage is two or three doses daily separated by 4-6 hours. The dosage can range from 100mg two or three times per day to 150mg three or four times every day. The drug is absorbed in the digestive tract and excreted into urine, which means it isn't able to enter breast milk. However, it is able to enter the bloodstream and affect other organs. Bupropion may increase blood pressure, making it vital to monitor it regularly. Bupropion can, in addition to helping to reduce ADHD symptoms it can also help reduce depression. It can also treat bipolar disorder. It is accomplished by blocking dopamine receptors in your brain. This stops the neurotransmitter, dopamine, from entering your brain. This helps stabilize your mood. Bupropion may interact with other drugs. Tell your doctor if you're taking any other medications. It's also important to find out if you have any allergies. Also, avoid caffeine or other stimulants that could make the adverse effects more severe. A number of studies have compared bupropion to placebos in adults suffering from ADHD. These studies yielded mixed results, and a lot were not conducted properly. Moreover, many of them excluded participants with psychiatric comorbidity. However, most effective adhd medication for adults suggests that bupropion can have a slight impact on ADHD. More research is required to determine the positive effects for patients, including the improvement in their quality of living. Furthermore, a more precise understanding of the molecular subtypes of ADHD is required before effective treatment can be developed. This requires a deeper understanding of the relationship between different molecular pathways. Furthermore, it's essential to understand how different anti-ADHD drugs work with psychotherapy. Tricyclic antidepressants When the stimulants prescribed to children suffering from ADHD do not work or cause troublesome side effects, the doctor may look to antidepressants for treatment. These medications, like imipramine and nortriptyline (Aventyl and Pamelor), increase the neurotransmitters dopamine as well as norepinephrine in the brain, which aids in helping people concentrate. These are older medications that can have challenging adverse reactions, and are typically only considered when other medications have failed. The first choice of antidepressants for depression is typically a selective serotonin receptor inhibitor (SSRI) like fluoxetine, sertraline, citalopram, or escitalopram. Tricyclic antidepressants are still being used in certain instances, despite their long history. They are also effective in treating neuropathic pain. They have a second pain-relieving action that is separate from their antidepressant activity. They increase the activity of the noradrenephrine receptor, by preventing its reuptake. They also act as descending moderators for pain pathways in spinal cord. SSRIs have less risk of toxicity and less serious side effects than tricyclic antidepressants. They are also less harmful during pregnancy and do not appear to be teratogenic for humans or animals. However, they can cause significant withdrawal symptoms if abruptly stopped. Your doctor might suggest gradually lowering the dose over several weeks to reduce the effects. Bupropion, an antidepressant commonly prescribed off-label to treat ADHD but isn't FDA approved as an adhd drug. It is believed to increase neurotransmitters such as norepinephrine and dopamine in the brain, which increases concentration. It also has been proven to reduce anxiety, and it can be utilized in conjunction with stimulants to achieve more rapid and sustained results. While there are no other FDA-approved nonstimulant medications for ADHD, many people do find relief with the use of dietary supplements and herbs. A diet low on fat and sugar may help to reduce ADHD symptoms. Some people may benefit by avoiding caffeine. Discuss with your doctor any medications you or your child is taking as well as herbal remedies and prescription medications. This will minimize unwanted side effects and prevent interactions. ADHD medication can affect each person differently, so it's sometimes a trial and error to discover the appropriate dosage and medication for your child or you.